Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
205
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.15
Features of the applying the information and communication
technologies in the conditions of distance master’s training of choir
and orchestra conductors
Características de la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y la
comunicación en las condiciones de formación de máster a distancia de
directores de coro y orquesta
Lyudmyla Shumska
choirsvitych@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1440-049X
Honored Art Worker of Ukraine, Professor, Department of Vocal and Choral Skills, Educational and
Scientific Institute of Arts named after Alexander Rostovsky, Nizhyn Gogol State University (NGSU),
Nizhyn, Ukraine.
Mykola Shumskyi
choirsvitych@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-973X
People’s Artist of Ukraine, Professor, Department of Instrumental and Performing Training,
Educational and Scientific Institute of Arts named after Alexander Rostovsky, Nizhyn Gogol State
University (NGSU), Nizhyn, Ukraine.
Galyna Savchuk
galinakas@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-3747
Honored Art Worker of Ukraine, Professor, Department of Theory and Methodology of Music
Education, Choral Singing and Conducting, Faculty of Arts named after Anatoly Avdievsky, M.
Dragomanov National Pedagogical University (NPU), Kyiv, Ukraine.
Yuliia Puchko-Kolesnyk
puchko-kolesnik@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-1291
Honored Art Worker of Ukraine, Candidate of Art Criticism, Professor, Department of Choir
Conducting, P. I. Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Nelia Velychko
nelya.velichko@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-5779
Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine, Professor, Department of Choir Conducting P. I.
Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Larisa Chincheva
l.v.chyncheva@npu.edu.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-8214
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and Methodology
of Education, Choral Singing and Conducting, Faculty of Arts named after Anatoly Avdievsky, M.
Dragomanov National Pedagogical University (NPU), Kyiv, Ukraine.
Recibido: 21/05/22
Aceptado: 23/08/22
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576
206
Abstract
The purpose of the academic paper, based on the results of the analysis of the viewpoints
of scientists regarding the selection and application of information and communication
technologies in the conditions of distance education of choir and orchestra conductors
and the study of practical aspects of the master’s training of specialists in choral and
orchestral conducting, lies in revealing and identifying the main features of the
professional training of this type of specialists. Methodology. In the process of conducting
the research, an analytical and bibliographic method has been used to study the scientific
literature on the issues of distance master’s training of choir and orchestra conductors,
as well as a questionnaire to conduct a survey of choral and orchestral conductors.
Results. Based on the results of the research conducted, the features of the choice and
application of information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance
master’s training of choir and orchestra conductors have been analysed, and basic
information has been prepared on the effectiveness of using various information.
Keywords: information and communication technologies, use of information tools in
distance learning, conducting and choral activity, innovative tools, an orchestra
conductor’s activities.
Resumen
El propósito del trabajo académico, basado en los resultados del análisis de los puntos
de vista de los científicos sobre la selección y aplicación de las tecnologías de la
información y la comunicación en las condiciones de educación a distancia de directores
de coro y orquesta y el estudio de los aspectos prácticos de la formación de maestría. de
especialistas en dirección coral y orquestal, radica en revelar e identificar las principales
características de la formación profesional de este tipo de especialistas. Metodología. En
el proceso de realización de la investigación se ha utilizado un método analítico y
bibliográfico para estudiar la literatura científica sobre los temas de formación de
maestría a distancia de directores de coro y orquesta, así como un cuestionario para
realizar una encuesta a directores de coro y orquesta. Resultados. Con base en los
resultados de la investigación realizada, se han analizado las características de la
elección y aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en las
condiciones de formación a distancia de maestría de directores de coro y orquesta, y se
ha elaborado información básica sobre la efectividad del uso de diversas informaciones.
Palabras clave: tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, uso de herramientas
de información en la educación a distancia, dirección y actividad coral, herramientas
innovadoras, actividades del director de orquesta.
1. Introduction
The principal criterion for the development of higher pedagogical art education is the
quality of training of future specialists, which is determined not only by the body of
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s
training of choir and orchestra conductors. - Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. /205-217
Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
207
knowledge of the basics of pedagogical methods, but also by the ability to transfer this
knowledge in the process of both live and direct communication with students and in the
process of distance learning.
Music and pedagogical training involves the acquisition of professional competence and
the possession of methodical tools, primarily information and communication
technologies, in order to be able to communicate with teachers during the training
process, as well as with higher education seekers for the transfer of knowledge.
Taking into consideration the development of information technology, the use of the
Internet in distance learning is becoming increasingly popular. With the help of this unique
universal tool, you can transfer information from the teacher to the students anywhere in
the world. The term “distance learning” is often used synonymously with the term “online
learning”, which should not be confused, forasmuch as the provision of education is only
controlled by educational institutions and teachers, and the student is responsible for the
quality and content of the knowledge obtained. In other words, online learning is the result
of distance learning.
In the educational arts industry, the issue of improving the training of art specialists,
especially future choir masters, is extremely relevant nowadays. The formation of a highly
professional conductor is one of the complex problems of music pedagogy; this is due to
the fact that the conductor, among other professions, is one of the youngest and most
difficult directions in the musical field, which requires special training tools.
The theoretical part of the present research represents the viewpoints of scientists
regarding the conditions for self-fulfilment of a conductor, substantiates the need for
innovation-oriented training of future choir and orchestra conductors, considers the
features of using both theoretical and practical methods of conducting and choral activity,
which must be used by a future teacher of fine arts.
The practical part of the research includes an assessment of the effectiveness of using
the information and communication tools during distance training of choir and orchestra
conductors from the point of view of various aspects of professional training, the feasibility
of using the information and communication technologies, the degree of importance of
possessing various types of knowledge as prerequisites for the application of information
and communication technologies during the educational process, the efficiency level of
using the certain types of information and communication tools during distance learning
of choral and orchestral conductors.
Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been established that classes on
the systematization of musical and performing activities and on the study of the theoretical
fundamentals of introductory teaching methods are the most effective during distance
training of choir and orchestra conductors. In addition, the survey has shown that,
according to the respondents’ standpoint, from the perspective of the efficiency of the
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576
208
distance form of education of the orchestra conductor in the class of choral conducting,
the activities with one teacher and one student at one lesson, as well as individual work
of students turned out to be the most expedient and appropriate ones. According to the
research results, the important prerequisites for using the information and communication
technologies in the course of training are as follows: previously acquired knowledge of
the main parameters of the conducting process, mastery of technical conducting skills
and methods of transmitting syncopation, emphasis, mixing sounds, and technical
performance of works at different tempos. Also, according to the survey participants’
viewpoint, Google-meet resources and specialized platforms for orchestra conductors are
the most effective during remote training of choir and orchestra conductors.
The purpose of the research lies in determining the standpoint of choir and orchestra
conductors regarding certain aspects of using the information and communication
technologies during their distance training, namely, in the process of studying under the
master’s program.
2. Literature Review
The necessity to implement the professional potential of choir and orchestra conductors
as fully as possible during distance master’s training actualizes the issue of using
innovations and person-oriented approaches in the educational process (Akbarova,
Dyganova, Batyrshina & Adamyan, 2021).
A. Martínez defines the innovative activity of a music teacher as a complex whole system,
a set of different types of actions and means that correspond to the development of
innovative processes aimed at the creation and implementation by teachers of their own
work system in the context of the modernization of art education (Martínez, 2021).
The application of innovative pedagogical technologies as a principle of pedagogy
development creates conditions for the development of the individual, the implementation
of his right to individual creative participation, initiative and freedom for self-development.
The innovative educational activity involves a qualitative change of the student’s
personality compared to the previously prevalent, traditional education system. The main
goal of the teacher’s innovative activity is to develop one’s own ability to motivate actions,
independently orient oneself in the information obtained, and form creative, non-standard
thinking using new achievements in science and pedagogical practice (Yavgildina,
Batyrshina, Kamalova & Dyganova, 2019), (Jansson & Balsnes, 2021).
The necessity for innovation-oriented training of the future art teacher is determined by
the following factors, namely:
− social-economic changes taking place in the world have necessitated a fundamental
restructuring of the educational system, methodology and technology of the
organization of the educational process in educational institutions;
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s
training of choir and orchestra conductors. - Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. /205-217
Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
209
− changes in the scope and composition of educational disciplines dictate the search
for new forms of organization and technologies of learning;
− today’s innovations are not reduced to recommended innovations, but become
obligatory ones;
− creation of a competitive situation in connection with market relations in the society
and reforms of the secondary school (Dag, Balsnes & Bygdéus, 2018), (Jansson,
Elstad &Døving, 2019a).
It is beyond any doubt that the innovative training of future specialists in modern
institutions of higher art education is a guarantee of their competitiveness on the labour
market (Jansson, Elstad & Døving, 2019b).
Considering the issue outlined, it should be noted that the system of education at the
university, especially in the artistic and pedagogical field, has its own specifics. In addition
to training the choir and orchestra conductor for activities, it is necessary to prepare him
for self-fulfilment as a professional musician. In this process, it is important to form a
desire for self-development, self-improvement and development of musical and
pedagogical creative abilities in future professionals. The result of self-fulfilment of a
teacher-musician should be the need for constant self-development and self-
improvement, motivation for the development of creative potential (Talmage & Purdy,
2021).
In this regard, J. Wong and A. Bautista note that distance independent educational
activity with the help of innovative technologies gives an innovative impetus, activates the
search and awakens interest in new (Wong & Bautista, 2017).
M. Bonshor emphasizes that the innovative efforts of the future conductor may be caused
by various motives (increasing the effectiveness of the educational process; trying to
attract attention, gain recognition, etc.), the true essence of which is not easy to find out,
forasmuch as they may change over time. The positive motivation of the master’s student
towards active educational activities with the help of innovative technologies is manifested
in the satisfaction of his personal and professional needs, such as the creation and
application of new, improving pedagogical skills, overcoming professional difficulties
(Bonshor, 2017).
In the conducting and choral activity of a future specialist, it is necessary to use both
theoretical and practical methods, especially analysis, comparison, modelling, collection
and accumulation of information. Self-fulfilment in practical educational activities consists
not so much in repetition, consolidation and assimilation, but in experiencing, evaluating,
forming and expressing, which can be successfully implemented only under the condition
of comprehensive use of the latest information and communication technologies
(Antunes, Quirós & Justino, 2017).
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576
210
Analysing the possibilities of the educational system regarding the development of artistic
competences of future choral and orchestral conductors with the help of distance
education, it becomes clear that this form of education, which has become a necessity of
the time, can have a temporary nature, especially when studying specialized subjects
(Dag & Balsnes, 2020).
3. Materials and Methods
The practical study of modern approaches to the process of professional master’s training
of choir and orchestral conductors was carried out by interviewing 462 choir and
orchestral conductors engaged in professional activities in art institutions of Kyiv, Lviv,
Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk regions of Ukraine. The survey was conducted by means
of a questionnaire using the Typeform service.
4. Results and Discussion
As the results of the survey have shown, modern teachers-conductors point to the need
to improve the training of students – future conductors to work with the choir using the
latest information and communication technologies.
In particular, the latest teaching means can be high-quality training tools in numerous
aspects of the professional training of future conductors. The answers regarding the
expediency of using information and communication mechanisms from the perspective of
their effectiveness during the educational process were allocated by the survey
participants as follows (Figure 1).
As it can be observed from Figure 1, according to the survey participants’ viewpoint, the
classes on the systematization of musical and performing activities and on the study of
the theoretical fundamentals of the introductory training methods turned out to be the
most effective ones during distance learning mode for choir and orchestral conductors.
Along with this, considering the content of the conductor’s activities in the class of choral
conducting, it should be noted that in addition to studying musical material with students,
one should talk about quality control of performance, knowledge of the features of the
conductor’s gestures, analysis of the causes of difficulties. Some forms of such work are
most effective through direct communication.
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s
training of choir and orchestra conductors. - Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. /205-217
Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
211
Figure 1. The effectiveness of using the information and communication tools during
distance learning of choir and orchestra conductors from the perspective of various
aspects of professional training, %.
Source: it has been compiled by the authors.
Assessing the effectiveness of distance learning for a conductor in the class of choral
conducting, in the course of the research it has been established the expediency of using
the information and communication technologies (Figure 2).
Thus, the survey has revealed that, according to the respondents’ viewpoint, from the
perspective of the efficiency of the distance form of training of a conductor in the class of
choral conducting, it is most expedient to work in one lesson with one teacher and one
student, as well as provide an individual work of students.
Analysing the prerequisites for the use of the information and communication
technologies during training, the respondents pay attention to the fact that a master
student should possess knowledge based on previous experience in studying choral
conducting, namely, to know fully well as follows (Figure 3).
As it can be seen from Figure 3, the important prerequisites for using the information and
communication technologies during the educational process are previously acquired
knowledge of the main parameters of the conducting process, mastery of technical
High performance
Medium performance
Low performance
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576
212
conducting skills and methods of transmitting syncopation, emphasis, mixing sounds, and
technical performance of works at different tempos.
Figure 2. The expediency of using the information and communication technologies from
the perspective of the efficiency of the distance form of training of a conductor in the class
of choral conducting, %.
Source: it has been compiled by the authors.
Figure 3. The degree of importance of mastering various types of knowledge based on
previous experience of studying choir conducting as prerequisites for the use of
information and communication technologies during the educational process, %.
Source: it has been compiled by the authors.
0
20
40
60
Work at one lesson
with one teacher
and one student
Work with several
students
Individual work of
students
56
23
52
High performance
Medium performance
Low performance
High performance
Medium performance
Low performance
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s
training of choir and orchestra conductors. - Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. /205-217
Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
213
In the course of conducting the survey, the respondents were asked to assess the
efficiency level of using the information and communication tools of various types
(Figure 4), namely.
Figure 4. The efficiency level of using the information and communication tools of various
types during distance learning of choir and orchestra conductors, %.
Source: it has been compiled by the authors
As it can be observed from Figure 4, Google-meet resources and specialized platforms
for conductors are the most effective during remote training of choir and orchestra
conductors, according to experts’ viewpoint in this profile.
Therefore, as modern tendencies in the scientific and educational art sphere testify,
currently, in the context of globalization processes and innovative technological changes
in all spheres of the society, the use of various information, intellectual and innovative
educational technologies is gaining great importance in the development of education.
The educational process is implemented through communication between people.
Consequently, nowadays, the use of various informational, intellectual educational tools
of communication is of particular significance for the development of education (Poulios
& Kamperou, 2022).
The information and communication educational technologies are learning, scientific
research and management technologies based on the application of computer and other
information technologies, as well as special software, information and methodological
support (Tian, 2022).
The information technologies can also be focused on using the special technical
information tools, primarily such as: electronic textbooks, multimedia systems; expert
High performance
Low performance
Medium performance
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576
214
systems; automatic design systems, specialized databases; electronic library catalogues
and global, national (regional, local) networks, etc.
The professional activity of an orchestra conductor lies in solving a number of
organizational and musical-creative tasks related to conducting rehearsals and concerts
(Prichard, 2017).
Considering that the activity of the head of a musical group is naturally diverse, it includes
not only work with an orchestra or ensemble, but also self-cultivation, independent work
on a musical composition; the quality of this type of activity depends on the level of
professional training of the conductor, the presence of certain abilities and personal
qualities.
The transition to innovative means of acquiring higher education is being actively
implemented in pedagogical educational institutions of the world. It becomes mandatory
not only to use new scientific knowledge in the educational process, but also to include
creative searches in educational activities, to develop new organizational and
methodological innovative technologies, various activities contributing to the
development, self-fulfilment and bringing out the best in students (Wang, 2022).
Currently, scientists pay much attention to improving the educational process in terms of
the subjects of the conducting cycle. Recognizing the complex, multicomponent nature of
the activity of a choir conductor, as well as its connection with the nature of the acquired
knowledge and skills, scientists assign a leading place in the process of conducting choral
education to the independence of learning.
For instance, M. Qin points out the necessity to solve the main professional tasks based
on the transfer of accumulated general and professional experience, including the
application of an activity approach to conducting special choir-conductor training for
students and defines choir-conductor training as a system of interrelated components,
which, on the one hand, fulfils the social task of training competent specialists of a broad
profile, and on the other – meets the needs of students in their personal and professional
development (Qin, 2020).
Q. Liu, L. Cheng, A. L. Jia and C. Liu talk about strengthening the connection of
theoretical fundamentals with practical skills in the process of acquiring knowledge on
conducting activities, in which the role of reproductive training in conducting is minimized
(Liu, Cheng, Jia & Liu, 2021).
Taking into consideration the fact that the main goals of the conductor’s choral training of
the future teacher – musician are the setting of the conductor’s apparatus, the selection
of conducting techniques for the expressive performance of the work, as well as the
maximum development of the student’s professional erudition, preparation for conducting
practice, it becomes clear that the priority in the selection of teaching aids is given to the
conscious improvement of the student’s professional skills through mastering a range of
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s
training of choir and orchestra conductors. - Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. /205-217
Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
215
conducting gestures, as well as a solid theoretical base grounded on the principles of
selection and construction of educational material and the latest information and
communication tools.
The purpose of updating the system of organizing the educational process in art schools
lies in creating conditions and situations that purposefully influence the independent
activity of education seekers, positive motivation and the formation of a creative space
for acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities. The free choice of the individual learning
trajectory of each student contributes to the active development of his creative abilities,
the ability to make creative decisions and reproduce fundamentally new creative ideas,
while overcoming the boundaries of art courses, which have previously clearly defined
the range of educational topics and their distribution by classes and semesters (Tao, Fu,
Wang, Zhang & Qu, 2019).
A teacher of a modern art school is not only a carrier of knowledge, but also a specialist
specializing in using the innovative educational technologies. He determines the
individual creative style of students’ activity and carries out the process of interaction with
students and their parents. At all stages of the formation and upbringing of a child, the
education system should take into account all the conditions for the formation of
educational motivation and actively use a variety of techniques and methods to promote
art education.
The effective use of the latest information and communication technologies contributes
to the overall positive attitude of the child to learning art, readiness to perform all
educational tasks, the formation of individual skills and independence of students (Tao,
Fu, Wang, Zhang & Qu, 2019).
S. Prichard believes that the main objectives of choir and conductor training should be
closely related to educational and developmental functions, as well as practical testing of
the quality of the acquired knowledge. The definition of the content of each specific topic,
section and lesson should be carried out taking into account the integrity of education in
accordance with the modern requirements of pedagogical science, age characteristics,
which make it possible to bring the educational material and educational repertoire closer
to the features of development and abilities of students (Prichard, 2017).
Strengthening and improving the practical orientation in the training of a choir conductor
enables the graduate to be mobile in a new professional and life situation, to act efficiently,
confidently and effectively, and to rely on relevant special knowledge, creative skills and
acquired practical experience in using the information technologies (Liu, Cheng, Jia & Liu,
2021).
The requirement for the development and use of innovative means of training choir and
orchestra conductors is determined by the specifics of the reform and development of
modern music and pedagogical education, the need to take into account the nature of this
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576
216
development and, accordingly, directions of research in this field. Identification of the most
important aspects of development, focusing on the problems of global and specific
phenomena of art education, the introduction of innovative approaches is the main goal
of developing the theory and practice of art education at the present stage.
5. Conclusions
Under conditions of the globalization of musical culture in the modern world, the
strengthening of the tendency to preserve national cultures, the poly-functional basis of
the creative activity of choral groups and their leaders is of particular importance. A
modern professional choral conductor should possess a high professional level, closely
related to professional culture, the readiness to mobilize all his musical and artistic
abilities in order to fulfil the functional tasks of the cultural present time.
The conducted research illustrates the advantages of distance learning of choir and
orchestra conductors with application of the information and communication technologies.
In addition, the survey has made it possible to establish that effective distance learning
for this type of specialist requires previously acquired knowledge of the main parameters
of the conductors ‘process as an important prerequisite for the use of information and
communication resources in training.
6. Bibliographic references
Akbarova, G., Dyganova, E., Batyrshina, G., & Adamyan, A. (2021). Distance choral
conducting training of future music teachers. Revista on line de Política e Gestão
Educacional, 25(2), 750‒758. https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v25iesp.2.15257
Antunes, M., Quirós, J., & Justino, M. (2017). The relationship between innovation and
total quality management and the innovation effects on organizational performance.
International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 34, 4.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-02-2016-0025
Bonshor, M. (2017). Conductor Feedback and the Amateur Singer: The Role of Criticism
and Praise in Building Choral Confidence. Research Studies in Music Education,
39(2), 139‒160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X17709630
Dag, J., & Balsnes, A. (2020). Choral conducting education: The lifelong entanglement of
competence, identity and meaning. Research Studies in Music, Education, 43(3).
https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X19863184.
Dag, J., Balsnes, A., & Bygdéus, P. (2018). Nordic Choral Conductor Education:
Overview and Research Agenda. Nordic Research in Music Education Yearbook,
19, 137‒170. https://nmh.brage.unit.no/nmh-xmlui/handle/11250/2641917
Jansson, D., & Balsnes, A. H. (2021). Turning points in shaping choral conducting
practice: six tales of Norwegian conductors’ professional development. Music
Education Research, 24(2), 195‒208.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2022.2053507
Features of the applying the information and communication technologies in the conditions of distance master’s
training of choir and orchestra conductors. - Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. /205-217
Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación • Volumen 16, N° 3. Julio-septiembre 2022
217
Jansson, D., Elstad, B., & Døving, E. (2019a). Universality and situatedness in educating
choral conductors. Music Education Research, 6, 344‒358.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2019.1626362
Jansson, D., Elstad, B., & Døving, E. (2019b). Choral conducting competences:
Perceptions and priorities. Research Studies in Music Education, 6, 1‒3.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X19843191
Liu, Q., Cheng, L., Jia, A. L., & Liu, C. (2021). Deep reinforcement learning for
communication flow control in wireless mesh networks, IEEE Network, 35(2),
112‒119. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.011.2000303
Martínez, A. (2021). Online learning in higher music education: Benefits, challenges and
drawbacks of one-to-one videoconference instrumental lessons. Journal of Music
Technology and Education, 13(2‒3), 181‒197.
https://doi.org/10.1386/jmte_00022_1
Poulios, I., & Kamperou, E. (2022). Business Innovation in Orchestra Organizations
Supported by Digital Technologies: The Orchestra Mobile Case Study.
Sustainability, 14(7), 3715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073715
Prichard, S. (2017). A mixed-methods investigation of preservice music teaching efficacy
beliefs and commitment to music teaching. Journal of Research in Music Education,
65(2), 237‒257. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0022429417710387
Qin, M. (2020).Understanding preservice music teachers’ intention to remain in the
profession: An integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour and motivation
theory.International Journal of Music Education, 39(1),
025576142096314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761420963149
Talmage, A., & Purdy, S. (2021). Leading Choirs and Singing Groups for Adults Living
with Neurogenic Communication Difficulties: Semi-structured Interviews with
Current and Potential Facilitators in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Music
Therapy, 19, 54‒85. https://www.musictherapy.org.nz/wp-
content/uploads/2022/05/NZJMT2021No19-TalmagePurdy.pdf
Tao, D., Fu, P., Wang, Y., Zhang, T., & Qu, X. (2019). Key characteristics in designing
massive open online courses (MOOCs) for user acceptance: an application of the
extended technology acceptance model. Interactive Learning Environments, 11,
882‒895. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1695214
Tian, H. (2022). Interactive Music Instructional Mode Based on Cloud Computing.
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/
7493417
Wang, Z. (2022). Integration and Sharing of College English Teaching Resources Using
Cloud Computing Platform. Mobile Information Systems, 1‒4.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8202229
Wong, J., & Bautista, A. (2017). How do Teachers Define the Notion of Professional
Development? The Case of Primary Music Teachers. Professional Development in
Education, 44(4), 539‒556. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2017.1369450
Yavgildina, Z., Batyrshina, G., Kamalova, I., & Dyganova, E. (2019). Readness of future
music teachers for creative self-actualization. Humanities & Social Sciences
Reviews, 7(6), 742‒748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76112
Eduweb, 2022, julio-septiembre, v.16, n.3. ISSN: 1856-7576