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Peculiaridades del uso de tecnologías de información de educación a distancia en

Abstract

Problem: based on the analysis in the science of research, own research results, the research

problem was formulated, determined by the following contradictions: the growing need between

high-quality training of specialists and the lack of analysis of problems and prospects for the

El artículo considera el proceso de informatización como una de las direcciones principales en el

desarrollo de la educación superior. Se analizan tecnologías de educación a distancia que

pueden ser utilizadas en el proceso educativo tradicional para mejorar la calidad de la educación.

La atención principal se presta a la red informática local (universidad interna). Se da una

descripción de los recursos de información de dicho sistema de aprendizaje.

Problema: a partir del análisis en la ciencia de la investigación, resultados de investigaciones

propias, se formuló el problema de investigación, determinado por las siguientes contradicciones:

la creciente necesidad entre la formación de especialistas de alta calidad y la falta de análisis de

problemas y perspectivas para el desarrollo de la educación a distancia en Ucrania.

the intellectual potential of society. The quality of education is a multidimensional concept. It is

determined not only by the final result, but also by the educational process as a whole. Society

and education are inseparable. This is evidenced by the fact that any global changes faced by

society and civilization as a whole inevitably affect the state of education. The transformations in

the economy and industry that are currently taking place in our country have determined the

priority educational and educational goal of educational institutions. Now the amount of

knowledge that a person needs is increasing, knowledge is being updated faster and faster, and

the time for learning remains almost constant. The problem of meeting society's needs for highly

qualified specialists is currently more urgent than ever (Shehab & Khalifa, 2021).

process, one of which is distance learning. Accelerating entry into the information society through

improvement of the education system is considered one of the most promising directions for the

implementation of the tasks set by European countries (Gao, 2021). For this purpose, it is

envisaged to provide educational institutions with the latest means of communication, to

encourage the wide spread of multimedia in pedagogical practice, to form a critical mass of users

and services for the production of multimedia products, to strengthen education by the means

inherent in the information society.

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The implementation of the idea of pedagogical partnership is of particular importance in distance

learning, the expansion of which is one of the priority directions reforming higher education.

Independence of the student from the teacher is considered as an important prerequisite for

Unlike traditional education, where the central figure is the teacher, in the process of using new

information technologies, the center of gravity shifts to the student, who actively builds his own

educational process, forming his own trajectory in educational environment (Atieku-Boateng,

2021), (Shoufan, 2019). An important function of the teacher is to support the student, promote

his successful advancement in the sea of educational information, facilitate the solution of

methodological and methodical problems that arise, help in mastering various information. In

connection with this, a new term has become widespread in the world educational community -

facilitator (one who promotes, facilitates, helps to learn), which reflects significant changes in

teaching activities, the status of the teacher and his basic functions.

According to the concept of the development of distance education in Ukraine, distance learning

technologies can be used not only in distance education, but also in other forms of education: full-

time, part-time, externship; in addition - in certain disciplines and blocks of disciplines that serve

to improve the educational level of qualifications of individuals and groups of listeners (Hillier,

2018).

The national doctrine of education development determines the priority of education development

- the introduction of modern information and communication technologies that ensure further

improvement of the educational process, accessibility and efficiency education, preparation of the

young generation for life in the information society. This is achieved by ensuring the gradual

The relevance of the problems and prospects for the development of distance learning in

education lies in the fact that the results of social progress, previously concentrated in the field of

and, importantly, continuous self-learning without interruption from work, the general exchange of

information, regardless of time and space barriers. It is this system that can most adequately and

flexibly respond to the needs of society and ensure the implementation of the constitutional right

students and for academic staff of educational institutions (Riera Guasp, Ardid, Vidaurre&

Dueñas, 2018), (Rajab, 2018).

For academic staff, the real challenge of online learning was the significant increase in the time

required to provide a quality learning process. In particular, the time for preparing lecture classes,

checking homework, and maintaining electronic and hardcopy records of attendance and success

of education applicants has doubled (Ali, Khalil & El-Sharkawy, 2020).The major reasons for the

suspension ofthe educational process during warfare are considered to be the lack of a clear plan

of action for the use of online learning for all participants in the educational process and the lack

of adequate facilities of institutions of higher education that could ensure the proper quality of

literature on the development of online education in times of war has shown that the issue of

developing special strategies for working with higher education applicants during military conflicts

remains unresolved. This is due to the lack of specialized software and information developments

for working with students that take into account the specifics of receiving education specifically

during military conflict (during its exacerbation especially) in the territory where the educational

institution or students studying at such institutions are located.

3. Aims

The Aim of the article is to determine the effectiveness of the use of distance learning technologies

systematization, classification, terminological analysis, pedagogical modeling, retrospective

analysis, generalization of existing pedagogical experience; empirical: pedagogical experiment;

diagnostic methods (testing, conversation, observation, questioning, self-assessment, self-

analysis, mutual assessment), professional activity motivation methodology, pedagogical

interpretation of the research results.

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5. Results

This approach is also supported by S. Zarei and S. Mohammadi (2021), the educational process,

Information technologies used in distance learning can be divided into three groups:

technologies for presenting educational information;

technologies for the transfer of educational information; technologies of storage and processing

of educational information.

Together, they form distance learning technologies. At the same time, when implementing

educational programs, technologies for the transfer of educational information are of particular

importance, which, in essence, provide the learning process and its support.

for distance learning. It:

educational information;

educational technologies;

Information Technology.

Educational information is the knowledge that must be transferred to the student in order for him

to be able to perform this or that activity.

In the disciplinary model of education inherent in the full-time education system, the teacher acts

knowledge banks, reference and expert systems used for educational purposes. The information

presented in them, unlike printing, should have a completely different organization and structure.

Large libraries and scientific and educational centers created on the basis of leading universities

can become such islands (centers) of information.

of all components of the learning process. In the interactive environment "student - computer -

teacher" much attention should be paid to the activation of imaginative thinking through the use

of technologies that activate the right hemisphere, synthetic thinking. And this means that the

presentation of educational material should reproduce the thought of the teacher in the form of

images. In other words, the main point in the educational technologies of distance learning is the

visualization of thoughts, information, knowledge.

The educational technologies most suitable for use in distance learning include:

video lectures;

Information technologies are hardware and software tools based on the use of computer

technology that provide the storage and processing of educational information, its delivery to the

student, interactive interaction between the student and the teacher or pedagogical software, as

well as testing the student's knowledge.

In the educational process, it is not information technology in itself that is important, but the extent

to which its use serves to achieve the actual educational goals. The choice of means of

communication should be determined by content, not technology. This means that the choice of

technologies should be based on a study of the content of training courses, the degree of

some technologies to the characteristic features of the trainees, the specific features of specific

subject areas, and the prevailing types of training tasks and exercises.

The main role played by telecommunication technologies in distance learning is to provide

educational dialogue. Learning without feedback, without constant dialogue between the teacher

and the student is impossible. Learning (as opposed to self-education) is a dialogic process by

definition. In full-time education, the possibility of dialogue is determined by the very form of

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organization of the educational process, the presence of a teacher and a student in one place at

one time. In distance learning, the educational dialogue must be organized using

telecommunication technologies.

where the dialogue is conducted only in real time (on-line), with distance learning it can also go

in a delayed mode (off-line).

The main advantage of off-line technologies is that they are less demanding on computer

resources and communication line bandwidth. They can be used even when connected to the

Internet via dial-up lines (in the absence of a permanent connection to the Internet).

Technologies of this kind include e-mail, mailing lists, and teleconferencing. With the help of the

list-server, distribution of educational information can be organized, personal communication

between the teacher and the student is established with the help of e-mail, and the teleconference

format (i.e., with hyperlinks, font and color highlighting of text fragments, inserting graphics, etc.).

In addition, a file of any format can be attached to the letter, which makes it possible to send, for

example, documents in MS Word format. The effectiveness of off-line technologies is manifested

in the organization of current consultations, current control based on control and independent

work, checked "manually" by the teacher.

6. Discussion

Of the on-line technologies, first of all, it should be noted chat, which allows real-time text

messaging over the Internet. In the simplest case, a "conversation" takes place between two

Thus, most information resources are containers, containing other resources. The system can be

developed incrementally by adding new types of information resources. As the primary method of

unified personal environment, that is, to everything that is available to him at the current

educational stage process.

seminars, conferences, control classes, laboratory works;

the results of their work.

The teacher has the following opportunities:

access to all curricula;

access to educational materials; creation of educational materials;

working with courses conducted by them: their creation, modification, consulting according to

them students;

working with groups of students: reviewing and evaluating students' works.

3. Verification of acquired knowledge (testing).

7. Conclusions

Distance learning is one of the promising and effective forms of higher education, which ensures

the spread of professional contacts, as well as more complete use of the scientific and

methodological potential of higher education. Today it is impossible concentrate all information

resources that have been accumulated in each educational institution humanity in the world

scientific and educational space. Therefore, with the help of remote technologies, it is possible to

combine and coordinate the actions of several universities. Thanks to the development of the

presentation of material, and systematizing the methodical support of the educational process.

The process of computerization also allows to improve the informational and methodological base

of the educational institution.

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