Dificultades para el aprendizaje universitario a distancia en Perú durante la pandemia por COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.04.1Palabras clave:
aprendizaje a distancia, pandemia, COVID-19.Resumen
La mayoría de los sistemas educativos de todo el mundo han migrado a la modalidad de aprendizaje a distancia como medida contra la propagación del COVID-19. Este fenómeno está causando muchas dificultades, especialmente como lo expresan los estudiantes en el contexto de los países en subdesarrollo. Este artículo intenta describir las dificultades para el aprendizaje universitario a distancia en Perú durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Siguiendo un diseño de investigación principalmente cualitativo, este estudio encuestó a un grupo de estudiantes seleccionados deliberada y convenientemente que actualmente están inscritos en una universidad. El resultado del análisis de contenido reveló las siguientes categorías de dificultades en el aprendizaje remoto: conectividad inestable a internet; recursos de aprendizaje inadecuados; problemas financieros; interrupciones de energía eléctrica; contenidos de aprendizaje imprecisos; actividades lectivas sobrecargadas; andamiaje limitado de los profesores; escasa comunicación con los compañeros; entorno deficiente de aprendizaje; conflicto con las responsabilidades del hogar; comprometida salud física; y problemas de la salud mental.
Citas
Abel, Jr. A. (2020). The phenomenon of learning at a distance through emergency remote teaching amidst the pandemic crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 127-143.
Aboagye, E., Yawson, J. A., & Appiah, K. N. (2020). COVID-19 and E-Learning: The Challenges of Students in Tertiary Institutions. Social Education Research, 109-115. https://doi.org/10.37256/ser.122020422
Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students’ Perspectives. Online Submission, 2(1), 45-51.
AlAteeq, D. A., Aljhani, S., & AlEesa, D. (2020). Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 15(5), 398-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004
Amali, I., Bello, M. B., & Adeoye, G. O. (2018). Influence of domestic works on female students academic performance in upper-basic schools in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Education in Developing Areas, 26(1), 196-202.
Andrews, D., Nonnecke, B., & Preece, J. (2003). Electronic Survey Methodology: A Case Study in Reaching Hard-to-Involve Internet Users. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 16(2), 185-210. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327590IJHC1602_04
Arinto, P. B. (2016). Issues and challenges in open and distance e-learning: Perspectives from the Philippines. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(2), 162-180.
Baloran, E. T. (2020). Knowledge, Attitudes, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies of Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(8), 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300
Bao, W. (2020). COVID‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human behavior and emerging technologies, 2(2), 113-115.
Baticulon, R. E., Sy, J. J., Alberto, N. R. I., Baron, M. B. C., Mabulay, R. E. C., Rizada, L. G. T., Tiu, C. J. S., Clarion, C. A., & Reyes, J. C. B. (2021). Barriers to Online Learning in the Time of COVID-19: A National Survey of Medical Students in the Philippines. Medical Science Educator, 31(2), 615-626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01231-z
Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., Lambert, S., Al-Freih, M., Pete, J., & Olcott Jr, D. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-126.
Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian journal of distance education, 15(1), i-vi.
Burgess, S., & Sievertsen, H. H. (1 de abril, 2020). Schools, skills, and learning: The impact of COVID-19 on education. CEPR. https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/schools-skills-and-learning-impact-covid-19-education
Chang, C.-L., & Fang, M. (2020). E-Learning and Online Instructions of Higher Education during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Epidemic. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1574(1), 012166. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1574/1/012166
Chen, T., Peng, L., Yin, X., Rong, J., Yang, J., & Cong, G. (2020). Analysis of User Satisfaction with Online Education Platforms in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare, 8(3), 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030200
Coleman, R. K. N. (2011). Assesing the Adoption of e-Learning in Ghanaian Universities: Case of some Ghanaian Universities (Master’s thesis), Luleå University of Technology. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-45375
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publications.
Dávila Morán, R. C., Ruiz Nizama, J. L., & González González, J. I. (2021). Covid-19: Desafíos y oportunidades para el aprendizaje en línea. Revista de Filosofía (Venezuela), 97, 354-372.
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Gallegos, J. (21 de septiembre, 2020). Un semestre sin conexión. La Republica. https://larepublica.pe/domingo/2020/09/20/un-semestre-sin-conexion/
Gaur, R., Mudgal, S. K., Dharni, I. T., Sharma, R., & Suyal, N. (2020). Barriers encountered during online classes among undergraduate nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic in India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 8(10), 3687-3693.
Gummesson, E. (2000). Qualit ative Methods in Management Research (Second Edition). SAGE.
Henaku, E. A. (2020). COVID-19 online learning experience of college students: The case of Ghana. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology, 1(2), 54-62.
Hodges, C. B., Moore, S., Lockee, B. B., Trust, T., & Bond, M. A. (2020). The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. EDUCAUSE Review. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/104648
Jupp, V. (2006). The SAGE Dictionary of Social Research Methods. SAGE Publications.
Kerres, M. (2020). Against All Odds: Education in Germany Coping with Covid-19. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 690-694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00130-7
Matswetu, V. S., Munakandafa, W., Munodawafa, V., & Mandoga, E. (2013). Science student teachers’ challenges and coping strategies in an open and distance learning environment in Zimbabwe. Makerere Journal of Higher Education, 4(2), 125-137.
Melgarejo Bardales, J. (15 de marzo, 2021). Brecha digital en el Perú: ¿Cómo vamos y qué nos falta para acortarla? El Comercio. https://elcomercio.pe/tecnologia/tecnologia/brecha-digital-en-el-peru-como-vamos-y-que-nos-falta-para-acortarla-educacion-alfabetizacion-digital-pandemia-que-hacer-futuro-noticia/
Poncian, P. (2017). The impact of home environment on students’ academic achievement in Tanzanian secondary schools: A case of Geita town council (Doctoral dissertation) The University of Dodoma. http://41.78.64.25/handle/20.500.12661/480
Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066
Sarvestani, M. S., Mohammadi, M., Afshin, J., & Raeisy, L. (2019). Students’ Experiences of E-Learning Challenges; a Phenomenological Study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 10(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijvlms.2019.45841
Sarwar, H., Akhtar, H., Naeem, M. M., Khan, J. A., Waraich, K., Shabbir, S., Hasan, A., & Khurshid, Z. (2020). Self-Reported Effectiveness of e-Learning Classes during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nation-Wide Survey of Pakistani Undergraduate Dentistry Students. European Journal of Dentistry, 14(S 01), S34-S43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717000
Subedi, S., Nayaju, S., Subedi, S., Shah, S. K., & Shah, J. M. (2020). Impact of E-learning during COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students and teachers of Nepal. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 5(3), 68-76.
Sundarasen, S., Chinna, K., Kamaludin, K., Nurunnabi, M., Baloch, G. M., Khoshaim, H. B., Hossain, S. F. A., & Sukayt, A. (2020). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown among University Students in Malaysia: Implications and Policy Recommendations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176206
Tandon, R. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: Preserving humanity, maintaining sanity, and promoting health. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102256
UNESCO. (29 de mayo, 2020). The socio-cultural implications of COVID-19. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/socio-cultural-implications-covid-19
UNICEF. (27 de agosto, 2020). Al menos una tercera parte de los niños en edad escolar de todo el mundo no tuvo acceso a la educación a distancia durante el cierre de las escuelas debido a la COVID-19, según un nuevo informe de UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/peru/comunicados-prensa/una-tercera-parte-de-los-ninos-en-edad-escolar-de-todo-el-mundo-no-tuvo-acceso-eduacion-remota
Verawardina, U., Asnur, L., Lubis, A. L., Hendriyani, Y., Ramadhani, D., Dewi, I. P., Darni, R., Betri, T. J., Susanti, W., & Sriwahyuni, T. (2020). Reviewing online learning facing the Covid-19 outbreak. Journal of Talent Development and Excellence, 12(3s), 385-392.
Wang, C., Cheng, Z., Yue, X.-G., & McAleer, M. (2020). Risk Management of COVID-19 by Universities in China. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13020036
World Bank. (2020). Remote learning and COVID-19 The use of educational technologies at scale across an education system as a result of massive school closings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to enable distance education and online learning. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/33479
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Roberto Carlos Dávila Morán
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
