Formación de la cultura pedagógica del docente en el contexto de las prácticas educativas europeas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2025.19.03.17Palabras clave:
cultura pedagógica, formación docente, educación europea, análisis comparativo, reforma educativaResumen
La formación de la cultura pedagógica entre los docentes sigue siendo poco estudiada en muchos contextos nacionales en comparación con los modelos europeos bien documentados, lo que genera brechas en la implementación de reformas eficaces en la formación docente. Este estudio explora cómo se cultiva la cultura pedagógica en los sistemas educativos europeos y analiza su adaptabilidad al contexto de Ucrania. Centrándose en el período 2020–2025, la investigación emplea un diseño comparativo cualitativo, analizando entrevistas con 20 docentes de Finlandia, Alemania, Países Bajos y Ucrania, junto con documentos normativos y planes de formación. El análisis temático y de contenido revelan que la práctica reflexiva (78% de prevalencia), el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante (65%) y las normas éticas (59%) son elementos centrales de la cultura pedagógica europea, destacando el extenso practicum de Finlandia (1.200 horas) y la tutoría obligatoria con los mejores resultados (puntuación 4,7/5). En contraste, el sistema ucraniano sigue siendo excesivamente teórico (70% del tiempo curricular) y con tutoría limitada (15% de cobertura). Las principales barreras incluyen limitaciones de recursos (68%) y resistencia institucional (55%), mientras que las oportunidades radican en la formación modular (82% de apoyo) e intercambios Erasmus+. Los hallazgos sugieren que alinear la formación docente de Ucrania con los estándares europeos requiere reequilibrar la proporción teoría-práctica, ampliar la tutoría y fomentar colaboraciones transnacionales. El estudio contribuye al debate global sobre la profesionalización docente y ofrece recomendaciones políticas aplicables para la reforma educativa.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Lesia Honcharenko, Olesia Smolinska, Viktoriia Khodunova, Svitlana Vdovych, Iryna Kolhanova
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
